Thursday, March 31, 2016

New Acquisitions: "Girl Sewing (The Chinese Robe)" by Frederick Carl Frieseke

Frederick Carl Frieseke, Girl Sewing (The Chinese Robe) (1931)

Among the latest additions to the Georgia Museum of Art's permanent collection is the American Impressionist painting “Girl Sewing (The Chinese Robe)” by Frederick Carl Frieseke (pronounced FREE-suh-kuh). Peaceful domestic settings were a common theme in American Impressionism. This purchase was made possible with funds given by The Chu Family Foundation. Dr. David Chu is a distinguished research professor emeritus in UGA’s College of Pharmacy. He and his wife, Jane, made this financial gift through their family foundation with the specific goal of having the museum purchase a significant American painting. The museum held a formal unveiling to commemorate the acquisition of this painting.

Gift unveiling with Jane Chu of The Chu Family Foundation 
Sarah Kate Gillespie, our curator of American art, said, “Frieseke was an important force in American Impressionism, particularly among those Americans working in the colony of Giverny, France, adjacent to Claude Monet’s gardens. He enjoyed great popularity on both sides of the Atlantic. This particular work not only fills what had been a major gap in the genre within our collection, but also very much complements our current holdings in American Impressionism.”

“Girl Sewing (The Chinese Robe)” is now on view in the Marilyn Overstreet Nalley Gallery at the museum, alongside other American Impressionist paintings from the collection by Mary Cassatt, Frank Weston Benson, Childe Hassam and William Merritt Chase.

Thursday, March 24, 2016

Highlights from Black History Month Dinner 2016

At the end of February, the Georgia Museum of Art held its annual Black History Month dinner and awards ceremony. The title of this year’s event was “Hallowed Ground: Sites of African American Memory,” in coordination with the overarching theme of Black History Month in the U.S. Guests from around the nation congregated at the museum to reflect on and celebrate the contributions of African Americans to Georgia’s culture.

At the event, museum curators Sarah Kate Gillespie and Shawnya Harris led gallery talks about pieces in the permanent collection by African American artists, including paintings by Emma Amos, winner of this year’s Thompson award. Guests were also treated to a concert by the UGA African American Choral Ensemble, followed by dinner and dessert in the M. Smith Griffith Grand Hall. At the ceremony, Michael L. Thurmond and Emma Amos’s awards were presented; both Thurmond and India Amos, daughter of Emma Amos, gave wonderful acceptance speeches. Read more about our winners here.

Curator Sarah Kate Gillespie giving a gallery talk about paintings 
by African American artists. Image: Madison Bledsoe

Two women visiting in front of the Emma Amos feature 
wall in the museum galleries. Image: Madison Bledsoe

Table of students waiting for the awards ceremony to begin. Image: Madison Bledsoe

The Thompsons and friends. Image: Madison Bledsoe

Dr. Gregory Broughton directing a concert set by the UGA 
African American Choral Ensemble. Image: Madison Bledsoe

Michael L. Thurmond accepting the 2016 Lillian C. Lynch 
Citation from Peggy Galis. Image: Madison Bledsoe

India Amos accepting the 2016 Larry D. and Brenda A. Thompson 
Award from Shawnya Harris. Image: Madison Bledsoe

Past honoree, Harold Rittenberry, congratulates 
Michael L. Thurmond. Image: Madison Bledsoe



Thursday, March 17, 2016

From the Pierre Daura Archive: Shedding Light on the Cinq Refusés

Guest post by Madeline Bates, curatorial intern at the Georgia Museum of Art:

Cinq Peintres Refusés par le Jury du Salon
Paris, Galerie Marck, November 3–15, 1928

Before my first semester as an intern of the Georgia Museum of Art’s Pierre Daura Center for European Art, I had never heard of Pierre Daura, an artist about whom very little has been published despite his lifelong artistic career and interactions with some of the major figures of European modernism, like Wassily Kandinsky and Piet Mondrian. To learn more about the artist, I turned to the Pierre Daura Archive located in the museum’s Study Center for the Humanities.

While perusing the archive, filled with letters, newspapers, photos and similar ephemera, my interest was piqued by a Parisian exhibition in which Dau
ra took part called the Cinq Peintres RefusĂ©s par le Jury du Salon, which ran concurrently with the November 1928 Salon d’Automne. This annual exhibition, established in 1903, was an important Parisian showcase for the work of modern avant-garde artists. A group of artists, including Henri Matisse, founded the exhibition in an act of creative opposition to the exclusivity of the Salon of the French Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture; the traditionally conservative institution was not accepting of the innovations of modernism. In October of 1928, Daura and four artists with whom he worked in Paris submitted works of art that were subsequently rejected by the jury of the Salon d’Automne. The Cinq RefusĂ©s exhibition was quickly conceived and shown at the Galerie Marck in Paris. My interest in the Cinq RefusĂ©s largely sprung from the fact that the formation of the exhibition, much like the Salon d’Automne, was a response to the subjective hierarchy of fine art established via the Salons, the major artistic exhibition spaces of the period.




[Five painters rejected by the jury of the Salon d’Automne exhibit their “condemned” paintings and a few others. When a violent retrograde movement manifests itself, it is interesting—perhaps prudent—to know what trends contradict it. Here, so many among others, are five Parisian painters singled out by the flattering rejection of the jury: Torres-Garcia, Uruguayan; Aberdam, Polish; Engel-Rozier, Belgian; Daura, Catalan; Jean HĂ©lion, French.][1]


Photo of the artists printed in Blanco y Negro, Madrid, December 9, 1928. 
From left to right: Engel-Rozier, Helion, Torres-GarcĂ­a, Daura, and Aberdam.

This international group of Cinq RefusĂ©s artists included Daura, from the Catalan region of northern Spain; JoaquĂ­n Torres-GarcĂ­a of Uruguay, who organized the exhibition; Ernest Engel-Rozier, also known as Engel-Pak, of Belgium; Alfred Aberdam, of Poland; and Jean HĂ©lion of France. Each painter worked in idiosyncratic modern modes, representing very different subjects and styles. Unfortunately, because only one or two photos of the exhibition survive, today’s knowledge of the exhibition content largely derives from critical commentary. Along the same lines, it appears that the planning of the exhibition took place in person, as there are no letters from this time between Daura and the other peintres refusĂ©s present in the Daura archive.[2] Daura’s personal diary from 1928, however, extensively recounts the days during this period and thus provides unique insight into the exhibition process.

By its twenty-fifth year, the 1928 Salon d’Automne had grown virtually to the scale of the Royal Salon, exhibiting more than 2,500 paintings. Critics reported that the Salon’s jury selection must have been arbitrary, for the work of Daura and his comrades was no worse—and in many cases, more interesting or better executed—than the Salon’s accepted works of art. Perhaps this was the case, as Daura’s paintings had been accepted for the Salon d’Automne in 1922 and 1926. Interestingly, in 1928, Pierre Daura secretly submitted a painting by Louise Daura, his bride-to-be and a fellow visual artist; her work was accepted by the Salon that year, and Pierre describes the occasion that Louise received her acceptance letter with enthusiasm in his diary.

Although the Cinq Refusés have received relatively little attention in art historical studies over the years, there was a great deal of contemporary critical acclaim in France and Spain, even reaching as far as America. Wr
iters described the show with colorful language and varying degrees of compassion for the artists rejected by the Salon; some columnists embraced the show as a cheeky but well-purposed response, while others mocked and belittled the artists as failures.  Many writers suggested, in reference to the formation of the Salon d’Automne, that with the Cinq RefusĂ©s, Parisian history was repeating itself.


One contemporary Parisian review, published under the penname Nephtalie, speaks of the juried salon as a “dying institution” and expresses support for the Cinq RefusĂ©s creative mission:
 

If it is a battle to fight, I say immediately to these five men that I am by their side, because it really seems to me too that all Salons they force-feed us are really too formal and dying. Let those who have talent get up and move; we will be with them![3]

I found that Spanish publications gave the work of the artists more attention than did French newspapers, which more often provided only exhibition announcements or a critique of the Salon’s selection methods rather than reviews of the show’s artistic content. English translations of most of these articles, particularly those in Catalan, have never been published. Across Spanish and French papers alike, Daura received consistent praise for his still life paintings featured in the exhibition. I was delighted to find that Daura’s diary includes a rough sketch of the very still life Daura would later send to the Salon d’Automne and show in the Cinq RefusĂ©s exhibition. 



A sketch of a natura muerta scene from Daura’s diary, located in the Pierre Daura Archive, from August 1928.


Daura’s otherwise untitled Natura Muerta, completed by October 1928, now in a private collection.

La Publicitat de Barcelona, a Catalan newspaper, presented an especially interesting review of the exhibition. The article, entitled “Els cinc refusats de SalĂ³ de Tardor de Paris,” gives each artist careful consideration and provides extensive commentary on the role of the show within the scope of the changing nature of exhibition spaces. Concerning Daura’s Naturas Muertas, the author comments: "The great value of the Catalan Daura’s canvases lie particularly in their finesse and subtlety. This artist painted unassuming still-lifes and landscapes in an agile and nuanced manner.[4]


The exhibition of the Cinq RefusĂ©s, which reached its eighty-seventh anniversary in November 2015, represents a pivotal moment in the history of these artists’ careers. Daura’s close association with Torres-GarcĂ­a—a lifelong friendship that began in 1926 when, connected by a mutual friend, Daura organized Torres-GarcĂ­a first Parisian art show—would lead to his relatively short-lived experiments with abstract constructionism and his involvement in the international exhibition group Cercle et CarrĂ©. This show was particularly formative for Torres-GarcĂ­a: the artist received significant recognition in the press for his organizing role, the first in a long course of gathering together international groups of artists, such as Cercle et CarrĂ© and its South American counterpart, CĂ­rculo y Cuadrado. Furthermore, scholars have long said that Cinq RefusĂ©s exhibition was where Torres-GarcĂ­a first met the Dutch artist Theo van Doesburg, a founder of De Stijl who would later oppose the ideals of Cercle et CarrĂ© with his own group, Art Concret. In my research for this blog post, I came across a letter written by Torres-GarcĂ­a that indicates he met van Doesburg at least six months prior to this exhibition; the letter, then, raises important questions for this period in Torres-GarcĂ­a’s career. For the artists the exhibition brought together and its juxtaposition to the Salon d’Automne as well as the lingering questions surrounding it, the Cinq Peintres RefusĂ©s par le Jury du Salon remains a fascinating moment in history deserving of further scholarly examination.






[1] [Cinq Peintres RefusĂ©s par le jury du salon d’automne exposent leurs toiles “condamnĂ©es” et quelques autres. Au moment oĂ¹ se manifeste un violent mouvement retrograde, il est intĂ©ressant—peut-Ăªtre prudent—de connaitre quelles tendances le contredisent. Voici parmi tant d’autres, 5 peintres parisiens dĂ©signĂ©s par le refus flatteur du jury: Torrès-Garcia: Uruguayen; Aberdam: Polonais; Engel-Rozier: Belge; Daura: Catalan; Jean HĂ©lion: Français.”]
[2] The latest letter in 1928 from Torres-GarcĂ­a to Daura dates to May 27; the next is not until May 1929. There are no letters in the museum’s archive between Daura and Engel-Rozier or HĂ©lion during this time, or any between Daura and Aberdam at all.
[3] Published in Adam (44 rue de Bruxelles), Paris, November 16 1928: Si c’est une bataille Ă  livrer, je dis tout de suite Ă  ces cinq hommes que je suis Ă  leurs cĂ´tes, car il me semble vraiment Ă  moi aussi, que tous les Salons dont on nous gave sont vraiment trop officiels et mourants. Que ceux qui ont du talent se lèvent et bougent, nous serons avec eux!
[4] Published November 23, 1928: Es per la finesa i la subtilesa que valen sobretot les teles del catalĂ  Daura. Aquest artista ha pintat natures mortes i paisatges infinitament senzills, d’una manera Ă gil i matisada. I am deeply grateful to Dr. Stephen Ramos and Nuria Jaumot-Pascual for the translation from Catalan.